Poles\u0117s mi\u0161kuose ant \u0105\u017euol\u0173 lap\u0173 pasteb\u0117ti apval\u016bs sustor\u0117jimai, i\u0161 pirmo \u017evilgsnio primenantys ma\u017eus obuoliukus ar rie\u0161ut\u0117lius. Keliautoj\u0173 ir gamtos steb\u0117toj\u0173 d\u0117mes\u012f patrauk\u0119s vaizdas i\u0161 ties\u0173 n\u0117ra nei vaisius, nei \u0105\u017euolo liga \u012fprasta prasme.<\/p>\n
Tokie dariniai vadinami gumbais, arba galais, ir tai yra augalo audinio pakitimas, kur\u012f sukelia smulk\u016bs vabzd\u017eiai. Da\u017eniausi \u0105\u017euol\u0173 \u201eobuoli\u0173\u201c kaltininkai Europoje yra gumbadariai vapsvu\u010diai, dar vadinami rie\u0161utvapsv\u0117mis.<\/p>\n
Procesas paprastai prasideda tuomet, kai vabzdys \u012f jaunas augalo dalis padeda kiau\u0161in\u0117l\u012f. Augalas, reaguodamas \u012f dirgikl\u012f ir besivystan\u010di\u0105 lerv\u0105, ima spar\u010diai dauginti l\u0105steles ir suformuoja tvirt\u0105, apvali\u0105 kapsul\u0119.<\/p>\n
Gumbas lervai tampa savoti\u0161ku \u201enamu\u201c: viduje ji maitinasi, auga ir b\u016bna geriau apsaugota nuo i\u0161or\u0117s poveikio. D\u0117l to i\u0161 i\u0161or\u0117s matomas darinys atrodo tvarkingas, simetri\u0161kas ir kartais net dekoratyvus.<\/p>\n
Perpjovus gumb\u0105 da\u017enai galima pamatyti ertm\u0119, kurioje b\u016bna lerva arba jos vystymosi p\u0117dsakai. Nors gumbai vizualiai gali priminti vaisi\u0173, j\u0173 ragauti nereik\u0117t\u0173, nes tai n\u0117ra valgoma augalo dalis ir da\u017enai b\u016bna karti.<\/p>\n
Gumbai \u012fdom\u016bs ne tik gamtos steb\u0117tojams, bet ir istorikams. Dalis \u0105\u017euolo gumb\u0173 pasi\u017eymi didesniu tanin\u0173 kiekiu, tod\u0117l \u0161imtme\u010dius buvo naudojami kaip \u017ealiava gele\u017eies ir tanin\u0173 reakcija paremtam ra\u0161alui gaminti.<\/p>\n
Toks gele\u017eies\u2013gal\u0173 ra\u0161alas ilg\u0105 laik\u0105 buvo vienas svarbiausi\u0173 Europoje, ypa\u010d rankra\u0161\u010diams ir dokumentams, nes suteikdavo tams\u0173, patvar\u0173 pigment\u0105. \u0160iandien gumbai da\u017eniau vertinami kaip \u012fdomus ekologinis rei\u0161kinys, padedantis suprasti sud\u0117tingus vabzd\u017ei\u0173 ir augal\u0173 ry\u0161ius.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Poles\u0117je ant \u0105\u017euol\u0173 lap\u0173 pasteb\u0117ti \u201eobuoliukai\u201c n\u0117ra vaisiai: tai vabzd\u017ei\u0173 sukelti gumbai, tur\u0117j\u0119 ir istorin\u0119 reik\u0161m\u0119 ra\u0161alui gaminti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[1993,8096,101,37618,35296,37619,711],"miestas":[],"class_list":["post-48624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technologijos","tag-augalu-apsauga","tag-azuolai","tag-ekologija","tag-gumbai","tag-polese","tag-riesutvapsves","tag-vabzdziai"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48624"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48624\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48624"},{"taxonomy":"miestas","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/miestas?post=48624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}