{"id":64747,"date":"2026-10-24T11:50:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T11:50:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/2026\/10\/24\/senovinis-virusas-galejo-pakeisti-evoliucija-del-sio-dnr-iraso-simpanzes-netapo-panasios-i-mus\/"},"modified":"2026-10-24T11:50:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T11:50:30","slug":"senovinis-virusas-galejo-pakeisti-evoliucija-del-sio-dnr-iraso-simpanzes-netapo-panasios-i-mus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/2026\/10\/24\/senovinis-virusas-galejo-pakeisti-evoliucija-del-sio-dnr-iraso-simpanzes-netapo-panasios-i-mus\/","title":{"rendered":"Senovinis virusas gal\u0117jo pakeisti evoliucij\u0105: d\u0117l \u0161io DNR \u012fra\u0161o \u0161impanz\u0117s netapo pana\u0161ios \u012f mus"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u017dmones ir \u0161impanzes skiria steb\u0117tinai nedaug genetini\u0173 skirtum\u0173, ta\u010diau smegen\u0173 raida ir geb\u0117jimai \u2013 akivaizd\u017eiai nevienodi. Naujas tyrimas rodo, kad vienas prie\u0161 milijonus met\u0173 \u012f \u0161impanzi\u0173 genom\u0105 \u012fsiterp\u0119s retrovirusas gal\u0117jo prisid\u0117ti prie \u0161io atotr\u016bkio.<\/p>\n

Mokslininkai primena, kad \u017emoni\u0173 ir \u0161impanzi\u0173 prot\u0117viai i\u0161siskyr\u0117 ma\u017edaug prie\u0161 5\u20136 mln. met\u0173, o DNR skirtumas siekia apie 1,2 proc. Vis d\u0117lto smegen\u0173 vystym\u0105si lemia ne tik baltymus koduojantys genai, bet ir reguliacin\u0117s sekos, \u012fskaitant sen\u0173 virus\u0173 palikim\u0105.<\/p>\n

Viruso p\u0117dsakas \u0161impanzi\u0173 DNR<\/h2>\n

Tyrime nagrin\u0117tas endogeninis retrovirusas PTERV1, aptinkamas \u0161impanzi\u0173 ir kit\u0173 Afrikos did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 be\u017ed\u017eioni\u0173 genome, bet nerandamas \u017emon\u0117se. Manoma, kad jis u\u017ekr\u0117t\u0117 \u0161i\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 prot\u0117vius ma\u017edaug prie\u0161 4 mln. met\u0173 ir paliko aktyvi\u0173 DNR \u012fterp\u0173.<\/p>\n

Tyr\u0117jai daugiausia d\u0117mesio skyr\u0117 \u017emogaus smegen\u0173 vystymuisi svarbiam genetiniam elementui LINC00662. \u0160is ilgosios nekoduojan\u010dios RNR regionas ankstyvoje raidoje siejamas su nervini\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 brendimu ir j\u0173 ataug\u0173 formavimusi.<\/p>\n

Organoidai parod\u0117 galim\u0105 efekt\u0105<\/h2>\n

Eksperimentuodami su \u017emogaus smegen\u0173 organoidais, mokslininkai i\u0161jung\u0117 LINC00662 aktyvum\u0105 ir pasteb\u0117jo, kad neuronai brendo pras\u010diau, o j\u0173 ataugos augo ne taip intensyviai. Tai leid\u017eia \u012ftarti, kad \u0161is reguliacinis mechanizmas gali b\u016bti svarbus ankstyviems smegen\u0173 \u201elaidams\u201c susiformuoti.<\/p>\n

\u0160impanz\u0117se situacija kitokia: PTERV1 \u012fsiterpimas, anot tyrimo, slopina LINC00662 aktyvum\u0105. Tai nerei\u0161kia, kad vienas pokytis sukuria vis\u0105 skirtum\u0105 tarp r\u016b\u0161i\u0173, bet jis gali b\u016bti vienas i\u0161 veiksni\u0173, kei\u010dian\u010di\u0173 smegen\u0173 raidos trajektorij\u0105.<\/p>\n

K\u0105 tai rei\u0161kia evoliucijai?<\/h2>\n

Autoriai pabr\u0117\u017eia, kad i\u0161 \u0161i\u0173 rezultat\u0173 negalima daryti i\u0161vados, jog pa\u0161alinus viruso \u012fterp\u0105 \u0161impanzi\u0173 smegenys \u201etapt\u0173 \u017emogi\u0161kos\u201c. Smegen\u0173 skirtumus lemia daugyb\u0117 gen\u0173, aplinkos ir vystymosi proces\u0173, o poky\u010diai embrionin\u0117je raidoje v\u0117liau paprastai nebeatkuriami.<\/p>\n

Vis d\u0117lto darbas sustiprina seniai \u017einom\u0105 id\u0117j\u0105: retrovirus\u0173 \u012fterpos gali veikti kaip genetiniai jungikliai, pakei\u010diantys \u0161alia esan\u010di\u0173 gen\u0173 aktyvum\u0105. Tokie poky\u010diai, per ilg\u0105 laik\u0105 atrenkami evoliucijos, gali daryti didel\u0119 \u012ftak\u0105 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 skirtumams, net jei pati DNR seka skiriasi nedaug.<\/p>\n

Tyr\u0117jai taip pat mini, kad lieka atviras klausimas, kod\u0117l \u017emoni\u0173 prot\u0117viai, pana\u0161u, i\u0161veng\u0117 PTERV1. Tarp galim\u0173 paai\u0161kinim\u0173 minimi skirtingi prot\u0117vi\u0173 gyvenamieji arealai tuo metu ir skirtingas atsparumas virusams, susij\u0119s su \u012fgimto imuniteto baltymais.<\/p>\n

Rezultatai publikuoti mokslo \u017eurnale Science Advances, o tolesni tyrimai tur\u0117t\u0173 pad\u0117ti tiksliau suprasti, kaip senos virus\u0173 \u012fterpos formavo \u017emogaus ir kit\u0173 primat\u0173 smegen\u0173 raidos \u201eprogramas\u201c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tyrimas rodo, kad prie\u0161 milijonus met\u0173 \u0161impanzi\u0173 genome \u012fsiterp\u0119s retrovirusas gal\u0117jo slopinti svarb\u0173 smegen\u0173 raidos \u201ejungikl\u012f\u201c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":64748,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[2239,5364,49622,9973,9715,9670,7152],"miestas":[],"class_list":["post-64747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mokslas","tag-genetika","tag-organoidai","tag-retrovirusai","tag-science-advances","tag-simpanzes","tag-smegenu-raida","tag-zmogaus-evoliucija"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64747","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64747"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64747\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64747"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64747"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64747"},{"taxonomy":"miestas","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/miestas?post=64747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}