{"id":68402,"date":"2026-11-05T18:36:09","date_gmt":"2026-11-05T18:36:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/2026\/11\/05\/mokslininkai-aptiko-zombi-bakteriju-fabrikus-dnr-gamyba-tesiasi-net-po-lasteliu-zuties\/"},"modified":"2026-11-05T18:36:09","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T18:36:09","slug":"mokslininkai-aptiko-zombi-bakteriju-fabrikus-dnr-gamyba-tesiasi-net-po-lasteliu-zuties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/2026\/11\/05\/mokslininkai-aptiko-zombi-bakteriju-fabrikus-dnr-gamyba-tesiasi-net-po-lasteliu-zuties\/","title":{"rendered":"Mokslininkai aptiko \u201ezombi\u201c bakterij\u0173 fabrikus: DNR gamyba t\u0119siasi net po l\u0105steli\u0173 \u017e\u016bties"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mokslininkai apra\u0161\u0117 netik\u0117t\u0105 rei\u0161kin\u012f, kai bakterijos, regis, \u201emir\u0161ta\u201c, bet j\u0173 aplinkoje DNR sintez\u0117 kur\u012f laik\u0105 vis tiek t\u0119siasi. \u0160\u012f proces\u0105 tyr\u0117jai prilygina biologin\u0117ms \u201ezombi\u201c gamykloms, nes molekulin\u0117 \u201egamyba\u201c vyksta jau u\u017e gyvos l\u0105stel\u0117s rib\u0173.<\/p>\n

Kaip nurodoma \u017eurnale \u201eAngewandte Chemie International Edition\u201c publikuotame darbe, svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f \u010dia atlieka bakteriofagai \u2013 bakterijas u\u017ekre\u010diantys virusai. Jie gali ilgai t\u016bnoti bakterijos genetin\u0117je med\u017eiagoje, o tinkamomis s\u0105lygomis \u201eatsibusti\u201c ir paleisti vis\u0105 grandin\u0119 netik\u0117t\u0173 \u012fvyki\u0173.<\/p>\n

Tyr\u0117jai ai\u0161kinasi, kad aktyv\u0117j\u0119 virusai paskatina dalies u\u017ekr\u0117st\u0173 bakterij\u0173 irim\u0105. Kartu \u012f aplink\u0105 i\u0161siskiria fermentai, kurie \u012fprastai l\u0105stel\u0117je kopijuoja DNR, ta\u010diau \u0161\u012f kart\u0105 jie i\u0161lieka aktyv\u016bs net ir u\u017e l\u0105stel\u0117s rib\u0173.<\/p>\n

D\u0117l to, pasinaudodami aplinkoje esan\u010diomis chemin\u0117mis med\u017eiagomis, \u0161ie fermentai gali t\u0119sti genetin\u0117s med\u017eiagos sintez\u0119 \u2013 tarsi \u201egamybos linija\u201c b\u016bt\u0173 \u012fjungta net po bakterijos \u017e\u016bties. Mokslinink\u0173 teigimu, toks mechanizmas gali atverti keli\u0105 naujiems metodams kuriant DNR pagrindu veikian\u010dias strukt\u016bras ir med\u017eiagas.<\/p>\n

Bakterijos, virusai ir netik\u0117ta DNR sintez\u0117<\/h2>\n

Tyrimus atliko Gabrielio Antonio S. Minero vadovaujama komanda i\u0161 Orhuso universiteto. Eksperimente d\u0117mesys sutelktas \u012f dvi bakterij\u0173 r\u016b\u0161is: Shewanella oneidensis ir Bacillus subtilis.<\/p>\n

Bakterijos buvo laikomos s\u0105lygomis, kai tr\u016bko maistini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173 \u2013 tai paskatino \u201eu\u017emigusi\u0173\u201c virus\u0173 aktyvacij\u0105. Po suaktyv\u0117jimo bakteriofagai \u0117m\u0117 daugintis, o dalis u\u017ekr\u0117st\u0173 bakterini\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 suiro.<\/p>\n

\u012eprastai tokia baigtis reik\u0161t\u0173 tik nauj\u0173 viruso daleli\u0173 i\u0161laisvinim\u0105 ir \u0161eimininko \u017e\u016bt\u012f. Ta\u010diau \u0161\u012f kart\u0105 tyr\u0117jai u\u017efiksavo, kad kartu su irimu \u012f aplink\u0105 patek\u0119 DNR kopijavimo fermentai i\u0161laik\u0117 aktyvum\u0105 ir prad\u0117jo veikti \u201elaisvai\u201c, u\u017e l\u0105stel\u0117s rib\u0173.<\/p>\n

Kaip i\u0161 DNR gimsta tvarkingos strukt\u016bros<\/h2>\n

Mokslininkai nustat\u0117, kad proces\u0105 galima nukreipti pateikiant specialiai paruo\u0161t\u0105 DNR fragment\u0105 \u2013 u\u017edar\u0105 \u017eied\u0105, kuris tampa \u0161ablonu kopijavimui. Tai leid\u017eia vykti vadinamajai \u201eriedan\u010dio \u017eiedo\u201c replikacijai, kai ta pati seka kopijuojama daugyb\u0119 kart\u0173 ir susidaro ilgos pasikartojan\u010dios DNR grandin\u0117s.<\/p>\n

Tos grandin\u0117s n\u0117ra vien atsitiktinis molekuli\u0173 \u201esi\u016blas\u201c. D\u0117l tam tikr\u0173 sek\u0173, ypa\u010d guanino motyv\u0173, jos gali spontani\u0161kai susitvarkyti \u012f vadinam\u0105sias G-kvadruplekso strukt\u016bras \u2013 tvarkingas erdvines konfig\u016bracijas.<\/p>\n

Shewanella oneidensis atveju susiformavusios strukt\u016bros primin\u0117 ma\u017eus \u201e\u017eiedus\u201c ar \u201eg\u0117les\u201c ir, kaip apra\u0161oma, gal\u0117jo siekti iki 10 mikrometr\u0173 skersmen\u012f. Tuo metu Bacillus subtilis i\u0161augino ilgas, \u012f \u201elaidus\u201c pana\u0161ias strukt\u016bras, kuri\u0173 ilgis vir\u0161ijo 50 mikrometr\u0173.<\/p>\n

Galimos taikymo kryptys: nuo biomaterial\u0173 iki kataliz\u0117s<\/h2>\n

Tyr\u0117jai pabr\u0117\u017eia, kad \u0161ios DNR strukt\u016bros gali tur\u0117ti ne tik \u201edekoratyvi\u0105\u201c reik\u0161m\u0119. Jos gali stiprinti biofilmo mechanin\u0119 sandar\u0105, o taip pat, d\u0117l geb\u0117jimo prisijungti hemo grupes, rodyti aktyvum\u0105, pana\u0161\u0173 \u012f peroksidazi\u0173 ferment\u0173 veikim\u0105.<\/p>\n

Praktiniu po\u017ei\u016briu tai reik\u0161t\u0173, kad tokios strukt\u016bros gal\u0117t\u0173 dalyvauti konkre\u010diose chemin\u0117se reakcijose. Mokslininkai svarsto, kad kei\u010diant bakterijoms pateikiam\u0105 DNR \u0161ablon\u0105 ateityje b\u016bt\u0173 \u012fmanoma formuoti skirting\u0173 savybi\u0173 \u201eu\u017esakomas\u201c strukt\u016bras.<\/p>\n

Autoriai mini, jog toks mechanizmas gal\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti pritaikomas kuriant pa\u017eangius biomaterialus, nanotechnologij\u0173 sprendimus ar pramon\u0117je reikalingus katalizatorius. Pa\u017eymima ir tai, kad abi tirtos bakterijos jau dabar domina moksl\u0105 d\u0117l galim\u0173 pritaikym\u0173, susijusi\u0173 su nuotek\u0173 valymu ir chemin\u0117mis transformacijomis aplinkoje.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tyr\u0117jai apra\u0161\u0117 rei\u0161kin\u012f, kai po bakterij\u0173 \u017e\u016bties j\u0173 fermentai toliau gamina DNR ir formuoja strukt\u016bras, galin\u010dias praversti pramon\u0117je.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":68403,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[4575,35472,53500,4081,28399,38895,40307],"miestas":[],"class_list":["post-68402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mokslas","tag-bakterijos","tag-bakteriofagai","tag-biofilmai","tag-biomaterialai","tag-dnr","tag-nanotechnologijos","tag-orhuso-universitetas"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68402","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68402"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68402\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68402"},{"taxonomy":"miestas","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cp.snarskis.lt\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/miestas?post=68402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}